1. Sex and Gender: Toward Transforming Scientific Practice. L. Zachary DuBois, Stacey A. Ritz, Margaret M. McCarthy, and Anelis Kaiser Trujillo -- 2. Entanglement of Gender/Sex Dynamics in Basic and Developmental Systems Biology. Colin J. Saldanha, Gillian R. Bentley, Charlotte A. Cornil, Geert J. de Vries, Holly Dunsworth, Margaret M. McCarthy, Rebecca M. Shansky, Lynnette Leidy Sievert, and Catherine S. Woolley -- 3. How Do Sex Differences in the Brain Help Our Understanding of Sex and Gender in Humans? Geert J. de Vries -- 4. How Can Gender/Sex Entanglement Inform Our Understanding of Human Evolutionary Biology? Holly Dunsworth and Libby Ware -- 5. Operationalization, Measurement, and Interpretation of Sex/Gender: Transcending Binaries and Accounting for Context and Entanglement. Stacey A. Ritz, Greta Bauer, Dorte M. Christiansen, Annie Duchesne, Anelis Kaiser Trujillo, and Donna L. Maney -- 6. Gender and Sex Entanglement in Neuroscience: A Neurofeminist Perspective. Annie Duchesne -- 7. Intersectionality, Sex/Gender Entanglement, and Research Design. Greta Bauer -- 8. Gender/Sex Dynamics in Human Biomedical and Clinical Research. Robert-Paul Juster, Lisa Bowleg, Lu Ciccia, Joshua B. Rubin, Carla Sanchis-Segura, Susann Schweiger, Eric Vilain, and Tonia Poteat -- 9. The Impossible Task of Disentangling Gender/Sex from Racialized and Other Marginalized and Oppressed Intersections: A Structural Intersectionality Approach to Health Inequities. Lisa Bowleg, Arianne N. Malekzadeh, and Katarina E. AuBuchon -- 10. Sex and Gender Should Be Considered Continuous Variables in Cancer Research. Wei Yang, Jason Wong, and Joshua B. Rubin -- 11. Gender, Sex, and Gender/Sex Entanglement in Transgender Health Equity Research. Tonia Poteat and Lu Ciccia -- 12. Gender, Sex, and Their Entanglement: From Scientific Research to Policy and Practice. Alexandra Brewis, Paisley Currah, L. Zachary DuBois, Lorraine Greaves, Katharina Hoppe, Katrina Karkazis, Madeleine Pape, Paula-Irene Villa, Amber Wutich -- 13. SABV Research Policies: From Distinctions to Entanglements. Madeleine Pape -- 14. How Could a Gender Transformative Lens Foster the Integration of Sex/Gender into More Equitable Policy and Practice? Lorraine Greaves -- 15. Sex as a State Effect. Paisley Currah.

Open Access

This open access book provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the study of sex and gender and suggests directions for future research in multiple fields. Sex and gender are understood, measured, and applied in different ways across society and science. To foster interdisciplinary dialogue and to promote informed applications in research, policy, medicine, and public health, the Ernst Strüngmann Forum convened scholars from diverse fields to examine a widely held assumption that sex and gender are conceptually separate. Synthesizing the interdisciplinary perspectives that emerged from this discourse, this volume explores the entanglement of sex and gender, suggesting that they are co-constituted in ways that have not been fully understood. This entanglement is examined from multiple perspectives, research challenges are explored, and ways to move forward are proposed to advance basic and developmental systems biology, human biomedical and clinical research as well as policy and practice. The book should be of interest to policymakers as well as researchers working in anthropology, behavioral neuroendocrinology, cellular and molecular neuroscience, clinical psychology, epidemiology, and feminist, gender, and transgender studies.